1. Yellow Stemborer (YSB), S. Name: Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker), Family: Pyralidae, Order: Lepidoptera

The larva after hatching spend one or two days outside and then bore in to the base of stem, feed inside and characteristically cause deadhearts in vegetative stage and white ears at panicle formation stage.

2. Gall midge (GM): S. Name: Orseolia oryzae Wood Mason Family: Cecidomyiidae, Order: Diptera

The maggots feed on shoot apex which leads to formation of long tubular structures known as galls or silver shoots. The galls resemble onion shoots being hollow, whitish to pale green, cylindrical, tube like bearing green reduced leaf at its tip. The infested tillers do not bear panicles. Even late age crop is attacked but cant cause damage after panicle initiation.

3. Brown Plant Hopper (BPH):S. Name: Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), Family: Delphacidae, Order: Homoptera

Both adults and nymphs suck sap from base of the plant leading to yellowing and finally drying of plants in concentric rings. Hence it is called hopper burn symptom. High yielding varieties, indiscriminate use of pesticides, high nitrogen usage, high temperatures, high humidity and less rain fall are the predisposing factors for BPH build up and multiplication. Affected plants become soft and unfit for straw. They also transmit grassy stunt viral disease.

4. Rice Leaf folder (RLF): S. Name: Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenee), Family: Pyralidae ,Order: Lepidoptera

The larva folds the leaf longitudinally or horizontally by bringing together margins with silken threads and feed by bringing together margins with silken threads and feed by staying inside the tube leading initially to whitish longitudinal streaks giving scorched appearance thereby affecting photosynthetic activity and vigour of the plant.

5. Malayan Black bug (MBB): S. Name: Scotinophara coarctata (Fabricius),Family: Hemiptera,Order: Pentatomidae

The nymphs and adults suck sap from the stems and nodes near the water surface, causes the plant to loss water, discoloration, death in the upper leaves and failure of young leaf to open. Also leads to stunted growth and reduced tillering. During tillering stage causes drying of central leaf and during booting stage, empty panicle. Severe infestations leads to death of plant commonly called bug burn.